Fiber Optic Medical Systems and Devices with Electrical Tip

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are medical systems and devices that include an elongate probe configured for insertion into a patient, where the elongate probe includes an electrically conductive (EC) medium extending along probe. The EC medium may take several forms, including a conductive cannula, an ionic solution, a flex circuit, wires, or platings. The probe includes a conductive tip for exchanging electrical signals with a patient. The probe includes optical fiber having shape sensing core fibers, illuminating core fibers and imaging core fibers. A console of the system includes logic executed by one or more processors to perform operations that include providing and/or receiving electrical signals to and from the patient. Operations further include shape sensing of the probe, projecting illuminating light, and receiving imaging light.

BACKGROUND

Elongate medical devices configured for insertion with a patient may be utilized to perform a myriad of treatments and diagnoses. Some devices may also include fiber optic capability. Some medical devices include electrical conducting members extending along the length of the medical device which are often subject to interference.

Disclosed herein are medical devices and systems that include fiber optic capability and electrical capability that address the forgoing.

SUMMARY

Briefly summarized, disclosed herein is a medical device. According to some embodiments, the medical device includes an elongate probe configured for insertion into a patient body, where the elongate probe defines a proximal end and a distal end. The device further includes an optical fiber extending along the elongate probe from the proximal end to the distal end and an electrically conductive (EC) medium extending along the probe from the proximal end to a conductive tip at the distal end.

In some embodiments, the probe includes a cannula formed of a conductive material, where the cannula extends between the proximal end and a distal end, where the optical fiber is disposed within the lumen, and where the cannula defines the EC medium.

In some embodiments, 2 the cannula defines a lumen extending along the cannula, and the optical fiber is disposed within the lumen.

In some embodiments, the cannula defines a closed distal end, and in some embodiments, the closed distal end of the cannula is formed via a welding process.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes a conductive epoxy disposed within the lumen, and the conductive epoxy extends between the proximal end and the distal end.

In some embodiments, the conductive tip includes a conductive tip member, and the cannula surrounds at least a portion of the conductive tip member. In some embodiments, the conductive tip member includes a conductive epoxy.

In some embodiments, the conductive tip member is formed of a non-conductive material, and conductive tip member includes a conductive coating applied to the non-conductive material. In some embodiments, the non-conductive material includes a ceramic material.

In some embodiments, the probe includes a cannula formed of a non-conductive material, where the cannula extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The cannula defines a lumen extending along the cannula, and the optical fiber is disposed with the lumen.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes a conductive substance disposed within the lumen, where the conductive substance extends between the proximal end and the distal end, and where the conductive substance defines the EC medium. In some embodiments, the conductive substance includes a saline solution.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes a flex circuit disposed within the lumen. The flex circuit includes one or more traces extending between the proximal end and the distal end, and the one or more traces define the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes one or more wires disposed within the lumen. The one or more wires extend between the proximal end and the distal end, and the one or more wires define the EC medium. In some embodiments, the one or more wires are embedded within the optical fiber. In some embodiments, the one or more wires are embedded within a wall of the cannula.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes one or more stripes of a conductive material disposed on an outside surface of the cannula. The one or more stripes extending between the proximal end and the distal end, and the one or more stripes define the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber includes one or more stripes of a conductive material disposed on an outside surface of the optical fiber. The one or more stripes extending between the proximal end and the distal end, and the one or more stripes define the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber includes one or more of core fibers extending along a longitudinal length of the optical fiber, where each of the one or more core fibers includes a plurality of sensors distributed along the longitudinal length, and where each sensor of the plurality of sensors being is configured to (i) reflect a light signal of a different spectral width based on received incident light at proximal end, and (ii) change a characteristic of the reflected light signal based on condition experienced by the optical fiber.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber further includes one or more illuminating core fibers, where each of the one or more illuminating core fibers is configured to receive illuminating light at the proximal end and project the illuminating light away from the distal end.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber further includes one or more imaging core fibers, where each of the one or more imaging core fibers is configured to receive imaging light at the distal end and propagate the imaging light along the optical fiber from the distal end to the proximal end.

Also disclosed herein is a medical system comprising a medical device and a console. The medical device includes an elongate probe configured for insertion into a patient body, and the elongate probe defines a proximal end and a distal end. An optical fiber extends along the elongate probe from the proximal end to the distal end, and an electrically conductive (EC) medium extends along the probe from the proximal end to a conductive tip at the distal end. The console is operatively coupled with the medical device at the proximal end. The console includes one or more processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having logic stored thereon. The logic when executed by the one or more processors, causes operations of the system that include providing an electrical signal to the patient and/or receiving an electrical signal from the patient.

In some embodiments, the probe includes a cannula formed of a conductive material, where the cannula extends between the proximal end and a distal end. The optical fiber is disposed within the lumen, and the cannula defines the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the conductive tip includes a conductive tip member, coupled with cannula. In some embodiments, the cannula may surround a portion of the conductive tip member.

In some embodiments, the probe includes a cannula formed of a non-conductive material, where the cannula extends between the proximal end and the distal end. The cannula defines a lumen extending along the cannula, and the optical fiber is disposed with the lumen.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes a saline solution disposed within the lumen, the saline solution extending between the proximal end and the distal end, and the saline solution defines the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes a flex circuit disposed within the lumen. The flex circuit includes one or more traces extending between the proximal end and the distal end, and the one or more traces define the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes one or more wires disposed within the lumen. The one or more wires extend between the proximal end and the distal end, and the one or more wires define the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the cannula includes one or more stripes of a conductive material disposed on an outside surface of the cannula. The one or more stripes extend between the proximal end and the distal end, and the one or more stripes define the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber includes one or more stripes of a conductive material disposed on an outside surface of the optical fiber. The one or more stripes extend between the proximal end and the distal end, and the one or more stripes define the EC medium.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber further includes a number of sensing core fibers extending along the optical fiber, where each of the number of sensing core fibers includes a plurality of sensors distributed along the longitudinal length. Each reflective grating of the plurality of reflective grating is configured to (i) reflect a light signal of a different spectral width based on received incident light at proximal end, and (ii) change a characteristic of the reflected light signal based on a condition experienced by the optical fiber. The operations further include determining a physical state of the elongate probe during insertion of the elongate probe within the patient body, wherein determining includes: (i) providing an incident light signal to the number of sensing core fibers; (ii) receiving reflected light signals of different spectral widths of the incident light by one or more of the plurality of sensors; and (iii) processing the reflected light signals associated with the number of sensing core fibers to determine the physical state.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber further includes one or more illuminating core fibers, where each of the one or more illuminating core fibers is configured to receive an illuminating light from the console at the proximal end and project the illuminating light away from the distal end. The operations further include providing the illuminating light to the illuminating core fibers so as to project the illuminating light distally away from the distal end of the probe.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber further includes one or more imaging core fibers, where each of the one or more imaging core fibers is configured to receive an imaging light at the distal end and propagate the imaging light along the optical fiber from the distal end to the console. The operations further include extracting an image of the patient body from the imaging light and causing the image to be portrayed on a display of the system.

In some embodiments, the operations include receiving the electrical signal from the patient and extracting an ECG signal from the electrical signal.

These and other features of the concepts provided herein will become more apparent to those of skill in the art in view of the accompanying drawings and following description, which disclose particular embodiments of such concepts in greater detail.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the disclosure are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustrative embodiment of a medical device system including a medical device with fiber optic and electrical capabilities, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of a structure of a section of the multi-core optical fiber included within the elongate probe of FIG. 1 , in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3A illustrates an embodiment of the optical fiber of FIG. 1 , in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3B is a cross sectional view of the optical fiber of FIG. 3A, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 4A-4B are flowcharts of the methods of operations conducted by the medical device system of FIG. 1 to achieve optic three-dimensional shape sensing, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of the elongate probe of FIG. 1 , in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 6 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of the elongate probe of FIG. 1 further including a conductive tip member, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 7 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of a second embodiment of the elongate probe, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 8 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of a third embodiment of the elongate probe, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 9 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of a fourth embodiment of the elongate probe, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 10 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of a fifth embodiment of the elongate probe, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 11 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of a sixth embodiment of the elongate probe, in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 12 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of a seventh embodiment of the elongate probe, in accordance with some embodiments; and

FIG. 13 is a detailed illustration of a distal portion of an eighth embodiment of the elongate probe, in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before some particular embodiments are disclosed in greater detail, it should be understood that the particular embodiments disclosed herein do not limit the scope of the concepts provided herein. It should also be understood that a particular embodiment disclosed herein can have features that can be readily separated from the particular embodiment and optionally combined with or substituted for features of any of a number of other embodiments disclosed herein.

Regarding terms used herein, it should also be understood the terms are for the purpose of describing some particular embodiments, and the terms do not limit the scope of the concepts provided herein. Ordinal numbers (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) are generally used to distinguish or identify different features or steps in a group of features or steps, and do not supply a serial or numerical limitation. For example, “first,” “second,” and “third” features or steps need not necessarily appear in that order, and the particular embodiments including such features or steps need not necessarily be limited to the three features or steps. Labels such as “left,” “right,” “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” and the like are used for convenience and are not intended to imply, for example, any particular fixed location, orientation, or direction. Instead, such labels are used to reflect, for example, relative location, orientation, or directions. Singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

With respect to “proximal,” a “proximal portion” or a “proximal end portion” of, for example, a probe disclosed herein includes a portion of the probe intended to be near a clinician when the probe is used on a patient. Likewise, a “proximal length” of, for example, the probe includes a length of the probe intended to be near the clinician when the probe is used on the patient. A “proximal end” of, for example, the probe includes an end of the probe intended to be near the clinician when the probe is used on the patient. The proximal portion, the proximal end portion, or the proximal length of the probe can include the proximal end of the probe; however, the proximal portion, the proximal end portion, or the proximal length of the probe need not include the proximal end of the probe. That is, unless context suggests otherwise, the proximal portion, the proximal end portion, or the proximal length of the probe is not a terminal portion or terminal length of the probe.

With respect to “distal,” a “distal portion” or a “distal end portion” of, for example, a probe disclosed herein includes a portion of the probe intended to be near or in a patient when the probe is used on the patient. Likewise, a “distal length” of, for example, the probe includes a length of the probe intended to be near or in the patient when the probe is used on the patient. A “distal end” of, for example, the probe includes an end of the probe intended to be near or in the patient when the probe is used on the patient. The distal portion, the distal end portion, or the distal length of the probe can include the distal end of the probe; however, the distal portion, the distal end portion, or the distal length of the probe need not include the distal end of the probe. That is, unless context suggests otherwise, the distal portion, the distal end portion, or the distal length of the probe is not a terminal portion or terminal length of the probe.

The term “logic” may be representative of hardware, firmware or software that is configured to perform one or more functions. As hardware, the term logic may refer to or include circuitry having data processing and/or storage functionality. Examples of such circuitry may include, but are not limited or restricted to a hardware processor (e.g., microprocessor, one or more processor cores, a digital signal processor, a programmable gate array, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.), a semiconductor memory, or combinatorial elements.

Additionally, or in the alternative, the term logic may refer to or include software such as one or more processes, one or more instances, Application Programming Interface(s) (API), subroutine(s), function(s), applet(s), servlet(s), routine(s), source code, object code, shared library/dynamic link library (dll), or even one or more instructions. This software may be stored in any type of a suitable non-transitory storage medium, or transitory storage medium (e.g., electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals such as carrier waves, infrared signals, or digital signals). Examples of a non-transitory storage medium may include, but are not limited or restricted to a programmable circuit; non-persistent storage such as volatile memory (e.g., any type of random-access memory “RAM”); or persistent storage such as non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory “ROM”, power-backed RAM, flash memory, phase-change memory, etc.), a solid-state drive, hard disk drive, an optical disc drive, or a portable memory device. As firmware, the logic may be stored in persistent storage.

The phrases “connected to,” “coupled to,” and “in communication with” refer to any form of interaction between two or more entities, including but not limited to mechanical, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, fluid, and thermal interaction. Two components may be coupled to each other even though they are not in direct contact with each other. For example, two components may be coupled to each other through an intermediate component.

Any methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for performing the described method. The method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is required for proper operation of the embodiment, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified.

References to approximations may be made throughout this specification, such as by use of the term “substantially.” For each such reference, it is to be understood that, in some embodiments, the value, feature, or characteristic may be specified without approximation. For example, where qualifiers such as “about” and “substantially” are used, these terms include within their scope the qualified words in the absence of their qualifiers. For example, where the term “substantially straight” is recited with respect to a feature, it is understood that in further embodiments, the feature can have a precisely straight configuration.

Reference throughout this specification to “an embodiment” or “the embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the quoted phrases, or variations thereof, as recited throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a medical instrument placement system including a medical instrument. As shown, the medical instrument placement system (system) 100 generally includes a console 110 and an elongate probe 120 communicatively coupled with the console 110. The elongate probe 120 defines a distal end 122 and includes a console connector 133 at a proximal end 124. The elongate probe 120 includes an optical fiber 135 including multiple core fibers extending along a length of the elongate probe 120 as further described below. The console connector 133 enables the elongate probe 120 to be operably connected to the console 110 via an interconnect 145 including one or more optical fibers 147 (hereinafter, “optical fiber(s)”) and an electrically conductive medium 125 extends along the elongate probe 120 from a conductive tip 123 at the distal to a single optical/electric connector 146 (or dual connectors) at the proximal end 124. Herein, the connector 146 is configured to engage (mate) with the console connector 133 to allow for the propagation of light between the console 110 and the elongate probe 120 as well as the optional propagation of electrical signals from the elongate probe 120 to the console 110. The conductive tip 123 may define an electrode for obtaining electrical signals from the patient.

The elongate probe 120 may be configured to perform any of a variety of medical procedures. As such, the elongate probe 120 may be a component of or employed with a variety of medical instruments/devices 119. In some implementations, the elongate probe 120 may take the form of a guidewire or a stylet, for example. The elongate probe 120 may be formed of a metal, a plastic or a combination thereof. The elongate probe 120 includes a lumen 121 extending therealong having an optical fiber 135 disposed therein.

In some implementations, the elongate probe 120 may be integrated into a vascular catheter. Other exemplary implementations include drainage catheters, surgery devices, stent insertion and/or removal devices, biopsy devices, endoscopes, and kidney stone removal devices. In short, the elongate probe 120 may be employed with, or the elongate probe 120 may be a component of, any medical device 119 that is inserted into a patient.

According to one embodiment, the console 110 includes one or more processors 160, a memory 165, a display 170, and optical logic 180, although it is appreciated that the console 110 can take one of a variety of forms and may include additional components (e.g., power supplies, ports, interfaces, etc.) that are not directed to aspects of the disclosure. An illustrative example of the console 110 is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 10,992,078, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. The one or more processors 160, with access to the memory 165 (e.g., non-volatile memory or non-transitory, computer-readable medium), are included to control functionality of the console 110 during operation. As shown, the display 170 may be a liquid crystal diode (LCD) display integrated into the console 110 and employed as a user interface to display information to the clinician, especially during an instrument placement procedure. In another embodiment, the display 170 may be separate from the console 110. Although not shown, a user interface is configured to provide user control of the console 110.

According to the illustrated embodiment, the content depicted by the display 170 may change according to which mode the elongate probe 120 is configured to operate: optical, TLS, ECG, or another modality. In TLS mode, the content rendered by the display 170 may constitute a two-dimensional or three-dimensional representation of the physical state (e.g., length, shape, form, and/or orientation) of the elongate probe 120 computed from characteristics of reflected light signals 150 returned to the console 110. The reflected light signals 150 constitute light of a specific spectral width of broadband incident light 155 reflected back to the console 110. According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the reflected light signals 150 may pertain to various discrete portions (e.g., specific spectral widths) of broadband incident light 155 transmitted from and sourced by the optical logic 180, as described below.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, an activation control 126, included on the elongate probe 120, may be used to set the elongate probe 120 into a desired operating mode and selectively alter operability of the display 170 by the clinician to assist in medical device placement. For example, based on the modality of the elongate probe 120, the display 170 of the console 110 can be employed for optical modality-based guidance during probe advancement through the vasculature or TLS modality to determine the physical state (e.g., length, form, shape, orientation, etc.) of the elongate probe 120. In one embodiment, information from multiple modes, such as optical, TLS or ECG for example, may be displayed concurrently (e.g., at least partially overlapping in time).

Referring still to FIG. 1 , the optical logic 180 is configured to support operability of the elongate probe 120 and enable the return of information to the console 110, which may be used to determine the physical state associated with the elongate probe 120 along or an image of the patient body. Electrical signals, such as ECG signaling, may be processed via an electrical signaling logic 181 that supports receipt and processing of the received electrical signals from the elongate probe 120, (e.g., ports, analog-to-digital conversion logic, etc.). Electrical signals, such as a pacemaker signal, for example, may also be defined and provided by the electrical signaling logic 181. The physical state of the elongate probe 120 may be based on changes in characteristics of the reflected light signals 150 received at the console 110 from the elongate probe 120. The characteristics may include shifts in wavelength caused by strain on certain regions of the core fibers integrated within the optical fiber 135 positioned within or operating as the elongate probe 120, as shown below. As discussed herein, the optical fiber 135 may be comprised of core fibers 137 ₁-137 _(M) (M=1 for a single core, and M≥2 for a multi-core), where the core fibers 137 ₁-137 _(M) may collectively be referred to as core fiber(s) 137. Unless otherwise specified or the instant embodiment requires an alternative interpretation, embodiments discussed herein will refer to an optical fiber 135. From information associated with the reflected light signals 150, the console 110 may determine (through computation or extrapolation of the wavelength shifts) the physical state of the elongate probe 120.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in FIG. 1 , the optical logic 180 may include a light source 182 and an optical receiver 184. The light source 182 is configured to transmit the incident light 155 (e.g., broadband) for propagation over the optical fiber(s) 147 included in the interconnect 145, which are optically connected to the optical fiber 135 within the elongate probe 120. In one embodiment, the light source 182 is a tunable swept laser, although other suitable light sources can also be employed in addition to a laser, including semi-coherent light sources, LED light sources, etc.

The optical receiver 184 is configured to: (i) receive returned optical signals, namely reflected light signals 150 received from optical fiber-based reflective gratings (sensors) fabricated within each core fiber of the optical fiber 135 deployed within the elongate probe 120, and (ii) translate the reflected light signals 150 into reflection data (from a data repository 190), namely data in the form of electrical signals representative of the reflected light signals including wavelength shifts caused by strain. The reflected light signals 150 associated with different spectral widths may include reflected light signals 151 provided from sensors positioned in the center core fiber (reference) of the optical fiber 135 and reflected light signals 152 provided from sensors positioned in the periphery core fibers of the optical fiber 135, as described below. Herein, the optical receiver 184 may be implemented as a photodetector, such as a positive-intrinsic-negative “PIN” photodiode, avalanche photodiode, or the like.

As shown, both the light source 182 and the optical receiver 184 are operably connected to the one or more processors 160, which governs their operation. Also, the optical receiver 184 is operably coupled to provide the reflection data (from the data repository 190) to the memory 165 for storage and processing by reflection data classification logic 192. The reflection data classification logic 192 may be configured to: (i) identify which core fibers pertain to which of the received reflection data (from the data repository 190) and (ii) segregate the reflection data stored within the data repository 190 provided from reflected light signals 150 pertaining to similar regions of the elongate probe 120 or spectral widths into analysis groups. The reflection data for each analysis group is made available to state sensing logic 194 for analytics.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the state sensing logic 194 is configured to compare wavelength shifts measured by sensors deployed in each periphery core fiber at the same measurement region of the elongate probe 120 (or same spectral width) to the wavelength shift at a center core fiber of the optical fiber 135 positioned along central axis and operating as a neutral axis of bending. From these analytics, the state sensing logic 194 may determine the shape the core fibers have taken in three-dimensional space and may further determine the current physical state of the elongate probe 120 in three-dimensional space for rendering on the display 170.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the state sensing logic 194 may generate a rendering of the current physical state of the elongate probe 120, based on heuristics or run-time analytics. For example, the state sensing logic 194 may be configured in accordance with machine-learning techniques to access the data repository 190 with pre-stored data (e.g., images, etc.) pertaining to different regions of the elongate probe 120 in which reflected light from core fibers have previously experienced similar or identical wavelength shifts. From the pre-stored data, the current physical state of the elongate probe 120 may be rendered. Alternatively, as another example, the state sensing logic 194 may be configured to determine, during run-time, changes in the physical state of each region of the optical fiber 135 based on at least: (i) resultant wavelength shifts experienced by different core fibers within the optical fiber 135, and (ii) the relationship of these wavelength shifts generated by sensors positioned along different periphery core fibers at the same cross-sectional region of the optical fiber 135 to the wavelength shift generated by a sensor of the center core fiber at the same cross-sectional region. It is contemplated that other processes and procedures may be performed to utilize the wavelength shifts as measured by sensors along each of the core fibers within the optical fiber 135 to render appropriate changes in the physical state of the elongate probe 120, especially to enable guidance of the elongate probe 120 when positioned multi-core within the patient and at a desired destination within the body.

The light source 182 and the optical receiver 184 may also be configured to provide illuminating light to the optical fiber 135 and receive imaging light signals from the optical fiber 135, respectively. The imaging logic 195 may be configured to (i) process imaging light signals, (ii) extract/determine an image from the imaging light signals, and (iii) cause the image to be portrayed on the display 170.

The console 110 may further include optional electrical signaling logic 181 configured to receive one or more electrical signals from the elongate probe 120. The elongate probe 120 is configured to support both optical connectivity as well as electrical connectivity. The electrical signaling logic 181 receives the electrical signals (e.g., ECG signals) from the elongate probe 120 via the conductive medium. The electrical signal logic 196 may process by to extract an ECG signal from the electrical signals. The electrical signal logic 196 may further cause an ECG waveform to be portrayed on the display 170.

It is contemplated that other processes and procedures may be performed to utilize the wavelength shifts as measured by sensors along each of the core fibers within the optical fiber 130 to render appropriate changes in the physical state of the probe 120, especially to enable guidance of the probe 120 when positioned multi-core within the patient and at a desired destination within the body. For example, wavelength shifts as measured by sensors along one or more of the core fibers may be based on physical states or condition of the probe 120 other than or in addition to longitudinal strain experienced by the elongate probe 120. Alternative or additional physical states may include one or more of torsional strain, temperature, motion, oscillations, pressure, or fluid flow adjacent the elongate probe.

Referring to FIG. 2 , an exemplary embodiment of a structure of a section of the multi-core optical fiber of FIG. 1 is shown in accordance with some embodiments. The multi-core optical fiber section 200 of the optical fiber 135 depicts certain core fibers 137 ₁-137 _(M) (M≥2, M=4 as shown, see FIG. 3A) along with the spatial relationship between sensors (e.g., reflective gratings) 210 ₁₁-210 _(NM) (N≥2; M≥2) present within the core fibers 137 ₁-137 _(M), respectively. As noted above, the core fibers 137 ₁-137 _(M) may be collectively referred to as “the core fibers 137.”

As shown, the section 200 is subdivided into a plurality of cross-sectional regions 220 ₁-220 _(N), where each cross-sectional region 220 ₁-220 _(N) corresponds to reflective gratings 210 ₁₁-210 ₁₄ . . . 210 _(N1)-210 _(N4). Some or all of the cross-sectional regions 220 ₁ . . . 220 _(N) may be static (e.g., prescribed length) or may be dynamic (e.g., vary in size among the regions 220 ₁ . . . 220 _(N)). A first core fiber 137 ₁ is positioned substantially along a center (neutral) axis 230 while core fiber 137 ₂ may be oriented within the cladding of the optical fiber 135, from a cross-sectional, front-facing perspective, to be position on “top” the first core fiber 137 ₁. In this deployment, the core fibers 137 ₃ and 137 ₄ may be positioned “bottom left” and “bottom right” of the first core fiber 137 ₁. As examples, FIGS. 3A-4B provides illustrations of such.

Referencing the first core fiber 137 ₁ as an illustrative example, when the elongate probe 120 (see FIG. 1 ) is operative, each of the reflective gratings 210 ₁-210 _(N) reflects light for a different spectral width. As shown, each of the gratings 210 ₁-210 _(Ni) (1≤i≤M) is associated with a different, specific spectral width, which would be represented by different center frequencies of f₁ . . . f_(N), where neighboring spectral widths reflected by neighboring gratings are non-overlapping according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

Herein, positioned in different core fibers 137 ₂-137 ₃ but along at the same cross-sectional regions 220-220 _(N) of the optical fiber 135, the gratings 210 ₁₂-210 _(N2) and 210 ₁₃-210 _(N3) are configured to reflect incoming light at same (or substantially similar) center frequency. As a result, the reflected light returns information that allows for a determination of the physical state of the core fibers 137 (and the elongate probe 120) based on wavelength shifts measured from the returned, reflected light. In particular, strain (e.g., compression or tension) applied to the optical fiber 135 (e.g., at least core fibers 137 ₂-137 ₃) results in wavelength shifts associated with the returned, reflected light. Based on different locations, the core fibers 137 ₁-137 ₄ experience different types and degree of strain based on angular path changes as the elongate probe 120 advances in the patient.

For example, with respect to the multi-core optical fiber section 200 of FIG. 2 , in response to angular (e.g., radial) movement of the elongate probe 120 is in the left-veering direction, the fourth core fiber 137 ₄ (see FIG. 3A) of the optical fiber 135 with the shortest radius during movement (e.g., core fiber closest to a direction of angular change) would exhibit compression (e.g., forces to shorten length). At the same time, the third core fiber 137 ₃ with the longest radius during movement (e.g., core fiber furthest from the direction of angular change) would exhibit tension (e.g., forces to increase length). As these forces are different and unequal, the reflected light from reflective gratings 210 _(N2) and 210 _(N3) associated with the core fiber 137 ₂ and 137 ₃ will exhibit different changes in wavelength. The differences in wavelength shift of the reflected light signals 150 can be used to extrapolate the physical configuration of the elongate probe 120 by determining the degrees of wavelength change caused by compression/tension for each of the periphery fibers (e.g., the second core fiber 137 ₂ and the third core fiber 137 ₃) in comparison to the wavelength of the reference core fiber (e.g., first core fiber 137 ₁) located along the neutral axis 230 of the optical fiber 135. These degrees of wavelength change may be used to extrapolate the physical state of the elongate probe 120. The reflected light signals 150 are reflected back to the console 110 via individual paths over a particular core fiber 137 ₁-137 _(M).

In some embodiments, although not required, that the optical fiber 135 may include sensors 215, where wavelength shifts as measured by the sensors 215 along the optical fiber 135 may be based on physical states or conditions of the probe 120 that include one or more than a temperature experienced by the elongate probe 120, a pressure exerted on the elongate probe 120, or a fluid flow (e.g., blood flow) adjacent the elongate probe 120. The sensors 215 may located along any of the core fibers 137 or along additional core fibers (not shown). In accordance with the sensors 215, the state sensing logic 194 may be configured to determine one or more of the temperature, the pressure, or the fluid flow.

Referring to FIG. 3A, a first exemplary embodiment of the elongate probe 120 of FIG. 1 supporting both an optical and electrical signaling is shown in accordance with some embodiments. Herein, the elongate probe 120 features a centrally located a multi-core optical fiber 135, which includes a cladding 300 and a plurality of core fibers 137 ₁-137 _(M) (M≥2; M=4) residing within a corresponding plurality of lumens 320 ₁-320 _(M). While the optical fiber 135 is illustrated within four (4) core fibers 137 ₁-137 ₄, a greater number of core fibers 137 ₁-137 _(M) (M>4) may be deployed to provide a more detailed three-dimensional sensing of the physical state (e.g., shape, etc.) of the optical fiber 135 and the elongate probe 120 deploying the optical fiber 135.

The optical fiber 135 is encapsulated within a concentric tubing 310 (e.g., braided tubing as shown) positioned over a low coefficient of friction layer 335. The concentric tubing 310, may in some embodiments, feature a “mesh” construction, in which the spacing between the intersecting elements may be selected based on the degree of rigidity/flexibility desired for the elongate probe 120, as a greater spacing may provide a lesser rigidity, and thereby, a more flexible elongate probe 120.

According to this embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, the core fibers 137 ₁-137 ₄ include (i) a central core fiber 137 ₁ and (ii) a plurality of periphery core fibers 137 ₂-137 ₄, which are maintained within lumens 320 ₁-320 ₄ formed in the cladding 300. According to one embodiment of the disclosure, one or more of the lumen 320 ₁-320 ₄ may be configured with a diameter sized to be greater than the diameter of the core fibers 137 ₁-137 ₄. By avoiding a majority of the surface area of the core fibers 137 ₁-137 ₄ from being in direct physical contact with a wall surface of the lumens 320 ₁-320 ₄, the wavelength changes to the incident light are caused by angular deviations in the optical fiber 135 thereby reducing influence of compression and tension forces being applied to the walls of the lumens 320 ₁-320 _(M), not the core fibers 137 ₁-137 _(M) themselves.

As further shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, the core fibers 137 ₁-137 ₄ may include central core fiber 137 ₁ residing within a first lumen 320 ₁ formed along the first neutral axis 230 and a plurality of core fibers 137 ₂-137 ₄ residing within lumens 320 ₂-320 ₄ each formed within different areas of the cladding 300 radiating from the first neutral axis 230. In general, the core3fibers 137 ₂-137 ₄, exclusive of the central core fiber 137 ₁, may be positioned at different areas within a cross-sectional area 305 of the cladding 300 to provide sufficient separation to enable three-dimensional sensing of the optical fiber 135 based on changes in wavelength of incident light propagating through the core fibers 137 ₂-137 ₄ and reflected back to the console for analysis.

For example, where the cladding 300 features a circular cross-sectional area 305 as shown in FIG. 3B, the core fibers 137 ₂-137 ₄ may be positioned substantially equidistant from each other as measured along a perimeter of the cladding 300, such as at “top” (12 o'clock), “bottom-left” (8 o'clock) and “bottom-right” (4 o'clock) locations as shown. Hence, in general terms, the core fibers 137 ₂-137 ₄ may be positioned within different segments of the cross-sectional area 305. Where the cross-sectional area 305 of the cladding 300 has a distal tip 330 and features a polygon cross-sectional shape (e.g., triangular, square, rectangular, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, etc.), the central core fiber 137 ₁ may be located at or near a center of the polygon shape, while the remaining core fibers 137 ₂-137 _(M) may be located proximate to angles between intersecting sides of the polygon shape.

With further reference to FIG. 3B, the elongate probe 120 may optionally include a number of core fibers 353 configured for propagating illuminating light (e.g., the illuminating light 653 of FIG. 6 ) distally along the elongate probe 120 from the console connector 133 to the distal end 122. The illuminating light may project distally away from the distal end 122 (FIG. 1 ) of the elongate probe 120 (see FIG. 1 ) to provide visual illumination to an interior portion of the patient body for the purpose of obtaining an image of the portion of the patient body, e.g., an image of an interior of a vascular lumen of the patient adjacent the distal end of the elongate probe 120.

The elongate probe 120 may further optionally include a number of core fibers 355 configured for propagating imaging light (e.g., the imaging light 655 of FIG. 6 ) proximally along the elongate probe 120 from the distal end 122 to the console connector 133 (see FIG. 1 ). The imaging light, as may be defined by the illumination of the patient (e.g., an interior of a vascular lumen of the patient adjacent the distal end of the elongate probe 120), may be received by the core fibers 355 at the distal end 122.

Referring to FIGS. 4A-4B, flowcharts of methods of operations conducted by the medical device system of FIG. 1 to achieve optic three-dimensional shape sensing are shown in accordance with some embodiments. The first micro-lumen is coaxial with the central axis of the probe. The first micro-lumen is configured to retain a center core fiber. Two or more micro-lumen, other than the first micro-lumen, are positioned at different locations circumferentially spaced along the circumferential edge of the probe. For example, two or more of the second plurality of micro-lumens may be positioned at different quadrants along the circumference edge of the probe.

Furthermore, each core fiber includes a plurality of sensors spatially distributed along its length between at least the proximal and distal ends of the probe. This array of sensors is distributed to position sensors at different regions of the core fiber to enable distributed measurements of strain throughout the entire length or a selected portion of the probe. These distributed measurements may be conveyed through reflected light of different spectral widths (e.g., specific wavelength or specific wavelength ranges) that undergoes certain wavelength shifts based on the type and degree of strain, including oscillations of the strain.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in FIG. 4A, for each core fiber, broadband incident light is supplied to propagate through a particular core fiber (block 400). Unless discharged, upon the incident light reaching a sensor of a distributed array of sensors measuring strain on a particular core fiber, light of a prescribed spectral width associated with the first sensor is to be reflected back to an optical receiver within a console (blocks 405-410). Herein, the sensor alters characteristics of the reflected light signal to identify the type and degree of strain on the particular core fiber as measured by the first sensor (blocks 415-420). According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the alteration in characteristics of the reflected light signal may signify a change (shift) in the wavelength of the reflected light signal from the wavelength of the incident light signal associated with the prescribed spectral width. The sensor returns the reflected light signal over the core fiber and the remaining spectrum of the incident light continues propagation through the core fiber toward a distal end of the probe (blocks 425-430). The remaining spectrum of the incident light may encounter other sensors of the distributed array of sensors, where each of these sensors would operate as set forth in blocks 405-430 until the last sensor of the distributed array of sensors returns the reflected light signal associated with its assigned spectral width and the remaining spectrum is discharged as illumination.

Referring now to FIG. 4B, during operation, multiple reflected light signals are returned to the console from each of the plurality of core fibers residing within the corresponding plurality of micro-lumens formed within a probe. In particular, the optical receiver receives reflected light signals from the distributed arrays of sensors located on the center core fiber and the outer core fibers and translates the reflected light signals into reflection data, namely electrical signals representative of the reflected light signals including wavelength shifts caused by strain (blocks 450-455). The reflection data classification logic is configured to identify which core fibers pertain to which reflection data and segregate reflection data provided from reflected light signals pertaining to a particular measurement region (or similar spectral width) into analysis groups (block 460-465).

Each analysis group of reflection data is provided to sensing logic for analytics (block 470). Herein, the sensing logic compares wavelength shifts at each outer core fiber with the wavelength shift at the center core fiber positioned along central axis and operating as a neutral axis of bending (block 475). From this analytics, on all analytic groups (e.g., reflected light signals from sensors in all or most of the core fibers), the sensing logic may determine the shape the core fibers have taken in three-dimensional space, from which the sensing logic can determine the current physical state of the probe in three-dimensional space (blocks 480-485).

FIG. 5 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 120. The elongate probe 120 includes the optical fiber 135 disposed within the lumen 121. The distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be disposed adjacent the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 120. In some embodiments, the distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be positioned substantially flush with the distal end 122.

The elongate probe 120 includes a cannula 561 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 561 is formed of an electrically conductive material to define the EC medium 125. The cannula 561 may be formed of a metallic material, such as stainless steel or Nitinol, for example. The cannula 561 extends to the distal end 122 of the probe 120 to define the conductive tip 123.

In some embodiments, the cannula 561 may include an electrically insulative coating 561A disposed on an outside surface and/or an inside surface of the cannula 561. In some embodiments, a distal end portion of the cannula 561B may be uncoated with the insulative coating 561A to define the conductive tip 123.

In the illustrated embodiments, the cannula 561 defines a distal open end of the lumen 121. In other embodiments, the cannula 561 may include a closed distal end. In some embodiments, the cannula 561 may include a welded or melted portion to the define the closed distal end.

In some embodiments, the cannula 561 may include an electrically conductive substance 525 disposed within the lumen 121. The electrically conductive substance 525 may extend uninterrupted from the proximal end 124 (see FIG. 1 ) to the distal end 122. Optionally, electrically conductive substance 525 may, alternatively or in addition to the cannula 561, define the EC medium 125 and/or the conductive tip 123. The electrically conductive substance 525 may include an electrically conductive epoxy.

FIGS. 6-13 illustrate further embodiments of the elongate probe depicting various implementations of the EC medium 125 and/or the conductive tip 123 that can, in certain respects, resemble components of the elongate probe 120 described in connection with FIGS. 1-5 . It will be appreciated that all the illustrated embodiments may have analogous features. Relevant disclosure set forth above regarding similarly identified features thus may not be repeated hereafter. Moreover, specific features of the elongate probe 120 and related components shown in FIGS. 1-5 may not be shown or identified by a reference numeral in the drawings or specifically discussed in the written description that follows. However, such features may clearly be the same, or substantially the same, as features depicted in other embodiments and/or described with respect to such embodiments. Accordingly, the relevant descriptions of such features apply equally to the features of the elongate probes of FIGS. 6-13 . Any suitable combination of the features, and variations of the same, described with respect to the elongate probe 120 and components illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 can be employed with the elongate probes and components of FIGS. 6-13 , and vice versa.

FIG. 6 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 620. The elongate probe 620 includes the optical fiber 135 disposed within the lumen 121. The distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be recessed proximally inward from the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 120.

The elongate probe 120 includes a cannula 661 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 661 is formed of an electrically conductive material to define the EC medium 125. The cannula 661 may be formed of a metallic material, such as stainless steel or Nitinol, for example. A conductive tip member 663 is electrically coupled with the cannula 661 to define the conductive tip 123. The conductive tip member 663 may be formed of an electrically conductive material, such as metal, a conductive epoxy, or a polymer infused with a conductive material. In some embodiments, the conductive tip member 663 may be composed of non-conductive material having a conductive coating 664 applied to the non-conductive material. A portion of the conductive tip member 663 may be disposed with the lumen 121, and as such, the cannula 661 may surround a portion of the conductive tip member 663. In some embodiments, the cannula 661 may include an electrically insulative coating 661A disposed on an outside surface and/or an inside surface of the cannula 661.

FIG. 7 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 720. The elongate probe 720 includes the optical fiber 135 disposed within the lumen 121. The distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be disposed adjacent the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 120. In some embodiments, the distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be positioned substantially flush with the distal end 122.

The elongate probe 720 includes a cannula 761 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 761 is formed of an electrically non-conductive material (i.e., insulative). The cannula 761 may be formed of any suitable non-conductive material, such as a plastic material, for example. The elongate probe 720 further includes an electrically conductive substance 725 disposed within the lumen 121. The electrically conductive substance 725 extends uninterrupted from the proximal end (such as the proximal end 124 of FIG. 1 ) to the distal end 122 to define the EC medium 125. In the illustrated embodiment, the electrically conductive substance 725 is a saline solution filling the lumen 121. In other embodiments, the electrically conductive substance 725 may be any suitable ionic liquid. The electrically conductive substance 725 is exposed via an open distal end of the cannula 761 to define the conductive tip 123.

FIG. 8 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 820. The elongate probe 820 includes the optical fiber 135 disposed within the lumen 121. The distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be disposed adjacent the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 120. In some embodiments, the distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be positioned substantially flush with the distal end 122.

The elongate probe 820 includes a cannula 861 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 861 is formed of an electrically non-conductive material (i.e., insulative). In the illustrated embodiment, the cannula 861 is formed of any suitable non-conductive material, such as a polymeric material, for example. In other embodiments, the cannula 861 may be formed of metallic material. The elongate probe 820 further includes a stripe (or trace) 825 of electrically conductive material disposed along an outside wall of the cannula 861. The stripe 825 extends uninterrupted from the proximal end (such as the proximal end 124 of FIG. 1 ) to the distal end 122 to define the EC medium 125. The stripe 825 of electrically conductive material may including a plating or a coating as may be applied via a painting or spraying process. The stripe 825 extends to the distal end 122 of the probe 820 to define the conductive tip 123. In some embodiments, the elongate probe 820 may include more than one stripe 825.

In some embodiments, the stripe 825 of electrically conductive material may include an electrically insulative coating 825A disposed on an outside surface of the stripe 825. In some embodiments, a distal end portion 825B of the stripe 825 may be uncoated with the insulative coating 825A to define the conductive tip 123.

FIG. 9 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 920. The elongate probe 920 includes the optical fiber 135 disposed within the lumen 121. The distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be disposed adjacent the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 120. In some embodiments, the distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be positioned substantially flush with the distal end 122.

The elongate probe 920 includes a cannula 961 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 961 may be formed of an electrically non-conductive material (i.e., insulative). The cannula 961 may be formed of any suitable non-conductive material, such as a plastic material, for example. The elongate probe 920 further includes a flex circuit 965 disposed within the lumen 121 together with the optical fiber 135. The flex circuit 965 may include a number (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or more) of traces extending uninterrupted from the proximal end (such as the proximal end 124 of FIG. 1 ) to the distal end 122 to define the EC medium 125. The flex circuit 965 extends to the distal end 122 of the probe 920 to define the conductive tip 123.

In some embodiments, the flex circuit 965 may include an exposed portion 925A of the number of traces adjacent the distal end 122 to define the conductive tip 123. In some embodiments, the flex circuit 965 may extend over the distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135. In some embodiments, the flex circuit 965 may be disposed within the lumen 121 along each of opposite sides of the optical fiber 135.

FIG. 10 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 1020. The elongate probe 1020 includes the optical fiber 1035 disposed within the lumen 121. The optical fiber 1035 can, in certain respects, resemble components of the optical fiber 135 described in connection with FIGS. 1-3B. It will be appreciated that all the illustrated embodiments may have analogous features. Relevant disclosure set forth above regarding similarly identified features thus may not be repeated hereafter. Moreover, specific features of the optical fiber 1035 and related components shown in FIG. 10 may not be shown or identified by a reference numeral in the drawings or specifically discussed in the written description that follows. However, such features may clearly be the same, or substantially the same, as features depicted in other embodiments and/or described with respect to such embodiments. Accordingly, the relevant descriptions of such features apply equally to the features of the optical fiber of FIG. 10 . Any suitable combination of the features, and variations of the same, described with respect to the optical fiber 135 and components illustrated in FIGS. 1-3B can be employed with the optical fiber 1035 and components of FIG. 10 , and vice versa.

The elongate probe 1020 includes a cannula 1061 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 1061 is formed of an electrically non-conductive material (i.e., insulative). The cannula 1061 may be formed of any suitable non-conductive material, such as a plastic material, for example. The distal end 1030 of the optical fiber 135 may be disposed adjacent the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 1020. In some embodiments, the distal end 1030 of the optical fiber 1035 may be positioned substantially flush with the distal end 122.

The optical fiber 1035 includes a stripe (or trace) 1025 of electrically conductive material disposed along an outside wall of the optical fiber 1035. The stripe 1025 extends uninterrupted from the proximal end (such as the proximal end 124 of FIG. 1 ) of the elongate probe 1020 to the distal end 122 to define the EC medium 125. The stripe 1025 of electrically conductive material may including a plating or a coating as may be applied via a painting or spraying process. The stripe 1025 extends to the distal end 122 of the probe 1020 to define the conductive tip 123. In some embodiments, the elongate probe 1020 may include more than one stripe 1025.

In some embodiments, the stripe 1025 of electrically conductive material may include an electrically insulative coating 1025A disposed on an outside surface of the stripe 1025. In some embodiments, a distal end portion 1025B of the stripe 1025 may be uncoated with the insulative coating 1025A to define the conductive tip 123.

FIG. 11 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 1120. The elongate probe 1120 includes the optical fiber 1135 disposed within the lumen 121. Similar to the optical fiber 1035 shown and described above, the optical fiber 1135 can, in certain respects, resemble components of the optical fiber 135 described in connection with FIGS. 1-3B.

The elongate probe 1120 includes a cannula 1161 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 1161 is formed of an electrically non-conductive material (i.e., insulative). The cannula 1161 may be formed of any suitable non-conductive material, such as a plastic material, for example. The distal end 1130 of the optical fiber 135 may be disposed adjacent the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 1120. In some embodiments, the distal end 1130 of the optical fiber 1135 may be positioned substantially flush with the distal end 122.

The optical fiber 1135 includes a wire 1125 embedded within the cladding 300 of the optical fiber 1135. The wire 1125 extends uninterrupted from the proximal end (such as the proximal end 124 of FIG. 1 ) of the elongate probe 1120 to the distal end 122 to define the EC medium 125. The wire 1125 may be disposed within a lumen 1136 of the optical fiber 1135. The wire 1125 extends to the distal end 122 of the probe 1120 to define the conductive tip 123. In some embodiments, the optical fiber 1135 may include more than one wire 1125.

FIG. 12 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 1220. The elongate probe 1220 includes the optical fiber 135 disposed within the lumen 121. The elongate probe 1220 includes a cannula 1261 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 1261 is formed of an electrically non-conductive material (i.e., insulative). The cannula 1261 may be formed of any suitable non-conductive material, such as a plastic material, for example. The distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be disposed adjacent the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 1220. In some embodiments, the distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be positioned substantially flush with the distal end 122.

The elongate probe 1220 includes a wire 1225 embedded extending along the elongate probe 1220. The wire 1225 extends uninterrupted from the proximal end (such as the proximal end 124 of FIG. 1 ) of the elongate probe 1220 to the distal end 122 to define the EC medium 125. In the illustrated embodiment, the wire 1225 is disposed within the lumen 121. In other embodiments, the wire 1225 may be disposed along an outside surface of the cannula 1261. The wire 1225 extends to the distal end 122 of the probe 1220 to define the conductive tip 123. In some embodiments, the optical fiber 135 may include more than one wire 1225.

FIG. 13 illustrates a distal portion of the elongate probe 1320. The elongate probe 1320 includes the optical fiber 135 disposed within the lumen 121. The elongate probe 1320 includes a cannula 1361 defining the lumen 121. The cannula 1361 is formed of an electrically non-conductive material (i.e., insulative). The cannula 1361 may be formed of any suitable non-conductive material, such as a plastic material, for example. The distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be disposed adjacent the distal end 122 of the elongate probe 1320. In some embodiments, the distal end 330 of the optical fiber 135 may be positioned substantially flush with the distal end 122.

The optical fiber 1335 includes a wire 1325 embedded within the wall 1362 of the cannula 1361. The wire 1325 may be disposed within a lumen 1336. The wire 1325 extends uninterrupted from the proximal end (such as the proximal end 124 of FIG. 1 ) of the elongate probe 1320 to the distal end 122 to define the EC medium 125. The wire 1325 extends to the distal end 122 of the probe 1320 to define the conductive tip 123. In some embodiments, the optical fiber 135 may include more than one wire 1325.

While some particular embodiments have been disclosed herein, and while the particular embodiments have been disclosed in some detail, it is not the intention for the particular embodiments to limit the scope of the concepts provided herein. Additional adaptations and/or modifications can appear to those of ordinary skill in the art, and, in broader aspects, these adaptations and/or modifications are encompassed as well. Accordingly, departures may be made from the particular embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the concepts provided herein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A medical device comprising: an elongate probe configured for insertion into a patient body, the elongate probe defining a proximal end and a distal end; an optical fiber extending along the elongate probe from the proximal end to the distal end; and an electrically conductive (EC) medium extending along the probe from the proximal end to a conductive tip at the distal end.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein: the probe includes a cannula formed of a conductive material, the cannula extends between the proximal end and a distal end, the optical fiber is disposed within the lumen, and the cannula defines the EC medium.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein: the conductive tip includes a conductive tip member coupled with the cannula, and the cannula surrounds at least a portion of the conductive tip member.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein: the probe includes a cannula formed of a non-conductive material, the cannula extending between the proximal end and the distal end; the cannula defines a lumen extending along the cannula; and the optical fiber is disposed with the lumen.
 5. The device of claim 4, wherein: the cannula includes a conductive substance disposed within the lumen, the conductive substance extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the conductive substance defines the EC medium.
 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the conductive substance includes a saline solution.
 7. The device of claim 4, wherein: the cannula includes a flex circuit disposed within the lumen, the flex circuit including one or more traces extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the one or more traces define the EC medium.
 8. The device of claim 4, wherein: the cannula includes one or more wires extending along the cannula between the proximal end and the distal end; and the one or more wires define the EC medium.
 9. The device of claim 4, wherein: the cannula includes one or more stripes of a conductive material disposed on an outside surface of the cannula, the one or more stripes extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the one or more stripes define the EC medium.
 10. The device of claim 4, wherein: the optical fiber includes one or more stripes of a conductive material disposed on an outside surface of the optical fiber, the one or more stripes extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the one or more stripes define the EC medium.
 11. The device of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber includes one or more of core fibers extending along a longitudinal length of the optical fiber, each of the one or more core fibers including a plurality of sensors distributed along the longitudinal length and each sensor of the plurality of sensors being configured to (i) reflect a light signal of a different spectral width based on received incident light at proximal end, and (ii) change a characteristic of the reflected light signal based on condition experienced by the optical fiber.
 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber further includes: one or more illuminating core fibers, each of the one or more illuminating core fibers configured to receive illuminating light at the proximal end and project the illuminating light away from the distal end, and. one or more imaging core fibers, each of the one or more imaging core fibers configured to receive imaging light at the distal end and propagate the imaging light along the optical fiber from the distal end to the proximal end.
 13. A medical system comprising: a medical device comprising: an elongate probe configured for insertion into a patient body, the elongate probe defining a proximal end and a distal end; an optical fiber extending along the elongate probe from the proximal end to the distal end; and an electrically conductive (EC) medium extending along the probe from the proximal end to a conductive tip at the distal end; and a console operatively coupled with the medical device at the proximal end, the console including one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon logic that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes operations of the system that include: providing an electrical signal to the patient; and/or receiving an electrical signal from the patient.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein: the probe includes a cannula formed of a conductive material, the cannula extends between the proximal end and a distal end, the optical fiber is disposed within the lumen, and the cannula defines the EC medium.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein: the conductive tip includes a conductive tip member coupled with the cannula, and the cannula surrounds at least a portion of the conductive tip member.
 16. The system of claim 13, wherein: the probe includes a cannula formed of a non-conductive material, the cannula extending between the proximal end and the distal end; the cannula defines a lumen extending along the cannula; and the optical fiber is disposed with the lumen.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein: the cannula includes a saline solution disposed within the lumen, the saline solution extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the saline solution defines the EC medium.
 18. The system of claim 16, wherein: the cannula includes a flex circuit disposed within the lumen, the flex circuit including one or more traces extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the one or more traces define the EC medium.
 19. The system of claim 16, wherein: the cannula includes one or more wires disposed within the lumen, the one or more wires extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the one or more wires define the EC medium.
 20. The system of claim 16, wherein: the cannula includes one or more stripes of a conductive material disposed on an outside surface of the cannula, the one or more stripes extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the one or more stripes define the EC medium.
 21. The system of claim 16, wherein: the optical fiber includes one or more stripes of a conductive material disposed on an outside surface of the optical fiber, the one or more stripes extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and the one or more stripes define the EC medium.
 22. The system of claim 13, wherein: the optical fiber includes one or more of core fibers extending along a longitudinal length of the optical fiber, each of the one or more core fibers including a plurality of sensors distributed along the longitudinal length and each sensor of the plurality of sensors being configured to (i) reflect a light signal of a different spectral width based on received incident light at proximal end, and (ii) change a characteristic of the reflected light signal based on condition experienced by the optical fiber; and the operations further include determining a physical state of the elongate probe within the patient body, wherein determining the physical state includes: providing an incident light signal to the optical fiber; receiving reflected light signals of different spectral widths of the incident light by one or more of the plurality of sensors; and processing the reflected light signals associated with the one or more of core fibers to determine the physical state. 